Endoscopy and Biopsy 
• Fiber-optic bronchoscopy with brushings or biopsy.
• Mediastinoscopy with biopsies. In this procedure, a small incision is made at the base of the neck and a long
  thin tube called a mediastinoscope is inserted down to the lymph nodes in the middle of the chest. Tissue can
  be removed through this instrument for analysis.
• Needle biopsy through the chest wall, under local anesthetic and often under CT guidance.
• Biopsies of the chest wall lining, lymph nodes, bone and liver.